Bāsim Plates of Vindhyaśakti II

A grant of a village to Ātharvaṇa brāhmaṇas with revenue exemptions.
Introduction

The Basim copper-plate charter, discovered in the Akola district, Maharashtra is an epigraphic record of the Vākāṭaka ruler Vindhyaśakti II. Engraved on four plates utilising the box-headed Brāhmī script, the text exhibits a bilingual composition. The genealogical preamble and closing benediction are in Sanskrit, while the formal mandate is in Mahāraṣtri Prakrit. Issued from Vātsyagulma (modern Basim), the document establishes the collateral Vākāṭaka branch descended from Sarvasena, son of Pravarasena I, tracing a distinct collateral lineage of the Vākāṭakas.

The charter documents the royal endowment of the village Ākāsapadda, located near Tākālakkhoppaka within the northern sub-division of Nāndīkaḍa. Vindhyaśakti II, directed this order to local officials. The grant was bestowed upon a collective of fourteen Atharvaveda brāhmaṇas of various gotras. The village revenue was divided into four shares, distributed unequally among the recipients. The charter enumerates agrarian and administrative immunities, exempting the settlement from police entry, salt digging, and state requisitions like grass and charcoal. Drafted by senāpati Viṣṇu, the grant is dated to the fourth day of the first fortnight of winter in the thirty-seventh regnal year.

edit-icnEditor's Comment:
Unlike the predominantly Sanskrit charters of contemporary central Indian dynasties, the Basim plates employ a detailed Prakrit section for their formal administrative mandate. This functional bilingualism demonstrates that Prakrit remained the essential language of local bureaucracy and legal transactions during the Vākāṭaka era.
Original Text
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    First Plate

    1. siddham | dṛṣṭam | vatsagulmāddharmamahārājasyāgniṣṭomāptoryyāmavājapeyajyoti-

    2. ṣṭomabṛhaspatisavasādyaskracaturaśvamedhayājinassamrājo va-

    3. ṣṇivṛddha sagotrasya hāritīputrasya śrīpravarasenasya pautrasya

    4. dharmmamahārājasya śrīsarvasenasya putrasya dharmmamahārājasya

    5. vākāṭakānām | śrīvindhyaśaktervvacanāt | nāndīkaḍasa uttaramagge

    Second Plate : First Side

    6. tākālakkhoppakābbhāse ākāsapaddesu amhasantakā sāvvāyogaṇi-

    7. yuttā āṇatti bhaḍā sesā ya sāñcarantara kulaputtā bhāṇitavvā | āmhehim

    8. dāṇi āpuṇo vijayavejayike āyubalavaddhaṇike svasti-

    9. śāntivācane ihābhuttike dhāmmatthāṇe etthaṅgāme ādhivvaṇika cara-

    10. ṇassa āddhaka | bhālandāyaṇasagottasim jivujjesim kapiñjala-

    Second Plate : Second Side

    11. sagotesim | ruddajesi | śrāviṣṭhāyaṇa sagottesi | bhāṭṭidevajjesi 

    12. kosikasagottesi | de-ajesi | kosikasagottesim | veṇhujjesi |

    13. kosikasagottesi | vidhijjesi | paippalādisagottesi | pitu-

    14. jesi bhālandāyaṇasagottesi cāndajesi kosikasagonttesi jeṭṭhaje-

    15. si | paṭehi dohi bhālandāyaṇasagottesi buddhajesi kosikasagottesi |

    Third Plate : First Side

    16. bhāddilajjesi | kosikasagottesi | sivajjesi | kosikasagottesi 

    17. hariṇṇajesitti etāṇa bāmhaṇāṇa bhāgā tiṇṇā 3 kosikasagottasi

    18. revatijesi | bhāgo 1 ca-utthotti ācandādiccakāliko apuvvada-

    19. ttīya datto | puvvarāyāṇumate ya se cātuvejjaggāmamajjātā parihāre vita-

    20. rāma | taṃ jathā araṭṭhasamvviṇayika | alavaṇakeṇṇa kkhanaka | ahiraṇṇadhāṇṇa-

    Third Plate : Second Side

    21. ppaṇayappadeya | apupphakkhiraggahaṇa | aparamparagobalivardda |

    22. acārasiddhika | acammaṅgālika | abhaḍappāvesa akhaṭṭācollakaveṇe-

    23. sika | akarada | avaha | saṇidhi | sopaṇidhi | sakutuppanta |

    24. samañcamahākaraṇa | sāvvajātiparihāraparihitañca | jato uparili-

    25. khita | śāsaṇavādampamāṇam karettā rakkhadha rakkhāpedha ya pariharadha 

    Fourth Plate

    26. pariharāpedha ya | jo vu ābādham karejja katavva anumaṇṇati 

    27. tassa etehi | uparilikhitehim | brāhmaṇehim | parikupite sadaṇḍa-

    28. nigraham karejjāmeti | sāvvaccharam 30 7 hemanta pakkham paḍhamam

    29. divasa 4  samupāsatthi likhitamimam śāsanam seṇāpatiṇā

    30. vaṇhuṇa iti || siddhirastu ||

    प्रथमं पत्रम्

    १। सिद्धम् । दृष्टम् । वत्सगुल्माद्धर्ममहाराजस्याग्निष्टोमाप्तोर्य्यामवाजपेयज्योति-

    २। ष्टोमबृहस्पतिसवसाद्यस्क्रचतुरश्वमेधयाजिनस्सम्राजो व-

    ३। ष्णिवृद्ध सगोत्रस्य हारितीपुत्रस्य श्रीप्रवरसेनस्य पौत्रस्य

    ४। धर्म्ममहाराजस्य श्रीसर्वसेनस्य पुत्रस्य धर्म्ममहाराजस्य

    ५। वाकाटकानाम् । श्रीविन्ध्यशक्तेर्व्वचनात् । नान्दीकडस उत्तरमग्गे

    द्वितीयं पत्रम् : प्रथमं पृष्ठम्

    ६। ताकालक्खोप्पकाब्भासे आकासपद्देसु अम्हसन्तका साव्वायोगणि-

    ७। युत्ता आणत्ति भडा सेसा य साञ्चरन्तर कुलपुत्ता भाणितव्वा । आम्हेहिम्

    ८। दाणि आपुणो विजयवेजयिके आयुबलवद्धणिके स्वस्ति-

    ९। शान्तिवाचने इहाभुत्तिके धाम्मत्थाणे एत्थङ्गामे आधिव्वणिक चर-

    १०। णस्स आद्धक । भालन्दायणसगोत्तसिम् जिवुज्जेसिम् कपिञ्जल-

    द्वितीयं पत्रम् : द्वितीयं पृष्ठम्

    ११। सगोतेसिम् । रुद्दजेसि । श्राविष्ठायण सगोत्तेसि । भाट्टिदेवज्जेसि 

    १२। कोसिकसगोत्तेसि । दे-अजेसि । कोसिकसगोत्तेसिम् । वेण्हुज्जेसि ।

    १३। कोसिकसगोत्तेसि । विधिज्जेसि । पैप्पलादिसगोत्तेसि । पितु-

    १४। जेसि भालन्दायणसगोत्तेसि चान्दजेसि कोसिकसगोन्त्तेसि जेट्ठजे-

    १५। सि । पटेहि दोहि भालन्दायणसगोत्तेसि बुद्धजेसि कोसिकसगोत्तेसि ।

    तृतीयं पत्रम् : प्रथमं पृष्ठम्

    १६। भाद्दिलज्जेसि । कोसिकसगोत्तेसि । सिवज्जेसि । कोसिकसगोत्तेसि 

    १७। हरिण्णजेसित्ति एताण बाम्हणाण भागा तिण्णा ३ कोसिकसगोत्तसि

    १८। रेवतिजेसि । भागो १ च-उत्थोत्ति आचन्दादिच्चकालिको अपुव्वद-

    १९। त्तीय दत्तो । पुव्वरायाणुमते य से चातुवेज्जग्गाममज्जाता परिहारे वित-

    २०। राम । तं जथा अरट्ठसम्व्विणयिक । अलवणकेण्ण क्खनक । अहिरण्णधाण्ण-

    तृतीयं पत्रम् : द्वितीयं पृष्ठम्

    २१। प्पणयप्पदेय । अपुप्फक्खिरग्गहण । अपरम्परगोबलिवर्द्द ।

    २२। अचारसिद्धिक । अचम्मङ्गालिक । अभडप्पावेस अखट्टाचोल्लकवेणे-

    २३। सिक । अकरद । अवह । सणिधि । सोपणिधि । सकुतुप्पन्त ।

    २४। समञ्चमहाकरण । साव्वजातिपरिहारपरिहितञ्च । जतो उपरिलि-

    २५। खित । शासणवादम्पमाणम् करेत्ता रक्खध रक्खापेध य परिहरध 

    चतुर्थं पत्रम्

    २६। परिहरापेध य । जो वु आबाधम् करेज्ज कतव्व अनुमण्णति 

    २७। तस्स एतेहि । उपरिलिखितेहिम् । ब्राह्मणेहिम् । परिकुपिते सदण्ड-

    २८। निग्रहम् करेज्जामेति । साव्वच्छरम् ३० ७ हेमन्त पक्खम् पढमम्

    २९। दिवस ४  समुपासत्थि लिखितमिमम् शासनम् सेणापतिणा

    ३०। वण्हुण इति ॥ सिद्धिरस्तु ॥

    Prose Inscription

    siddham | dṛṣṭam | vatsagulmāddharmamahārājasyāgniṣṭomāptoryyāmavājapeyajyoti-

    ṣṭomabṛhaspatisavasādyaskracaturaśvamedhayājinassamrājo vaṣṇivṛddha sagotrasya hāritīputrasya śrīpravarasenasya pautrasya dharmmamahārājasya śrīsarvasenasya putrasya dharmmamahārājasya vākāṭakānām | śrīvindhyaśaktervvacanāt | nāndīkaḍasa uttaramagge tākālakkhoppakābbhāse ākāsapaddesu amhasantakā sāvvāyogaṇiyuttā āṇatti bhaḍā sesā ya sāñcarantara kulaputtā bhāṇitavvā | āmhehim dāṇi āpuṇo vijayavejayike āyubalavaddhaṇike svastiśāntivācane ihābhuttike dhāmmatthāṇe etthaṅgāme ādhivvaṇika caraṇassa āddhaka | 

    bhālandāyaṇasagottasim jivujjesim kapiñjalasagotesim | ruddajesi | śrāviṣṭhāyaṇa sagottesi | bhāṭṭidevajjesi kosikasagottesi | de-ajesi | kosikasagottesim | veṇhujjesi | kosikasagottesi | vidhijjesi | paippalādisagottesi | pitujesi bhālandāyaṇasagottesi cāndajesi kosikasagonttesi jeṭṭhajesi | paṭehi dohi bhālandāyaṇasagottesi buddhajesi kosikasagottesi | bhāddilajjesi | kosikasagottesi | sivajjesi | kosikasagottesi hariṇṇajesitti etāṇa bāmhaṇāṇa bhāgā tiṇṇā 3 kosikasagottasi revatijesi | bhāgo 1 ca-utthotti ācandādiccakāliko apuvvadattīya datto | puvvarāyāṇumate ya se cātuvejjaggāmamajjātā parihāre vitarāma | tam jathā araṭṭhasamvviṇayika | alavaṇakeṇṇa kkhanaka | 

    ahiraṇṇadhāṇṇappaṇayappadeya | apupphakkhiraggahaṇa | aparamparagobalivardda | acārasiddhika | acammaṅgālika | abhaḍappāvesa akhaṭṭācollakaveṇesika | akarada | avaha | saṇidhi | sopaṇidhi | sakutuppanta | samañcamahākaraṇa | sāvvajātiparihāraparihitañca | jato uparilikhita | śāsaṇavādampamāṇam karettā rakkhadha rakkhāpedha ya pariharadha pariharāpedha ya | job u ābādhaṃ karejja katavva anumaṇṇati tissa etehi | uparilikhitehim | brāhmaṇehim | parikupite sadaṇḍanigraham karejjāmeti | sāvvaccharam 30 7 hemanta pakkham paḍhamam divasa 4 samupāsatthi likhitamimam śāsanam seṇāpatiṇā vaṇhuṇa iti || siddhirastu ||

    गद्य भाग:

    सिद्धम् । दृष्टम् । वत्सगुल्माद्धर्ममहाराजस्याग्निष्टोमाप्तोर्य्यामवाजपेयज्योति-

    ष्टोमबृहस्पतिसवसाद्यस्क्रचतुरश्वमेधयाजिनस्सम्राजो वष्णिवृद्ध सगोत्रस्य हारितीपुत्रस्य श्रीप्रवरसेनस्य पौत्रस्य धर्म्ममहाराजस्य श्रीसर्वसेनस्य पुत्रस्य धर्म्ममहाराजस्य वाकाटकानाम् । श्रीविन्ध्यशक्तेर्व्वचनात् । नान्दीकडस उत्तरमग्गे ताकालक्खोप्पकाब्भासे आकासपद्देसु अम्हसन्तका साव्वायोगणियुत्ता आणत्ति भडा सेसा य साञ्चरन्तर कुलपुत्ता भाणितव्वा । आम्हेहिम् दाणि आपुणो विजयवेजयिके आयुबलवद्धणिके स्वस्तिशान्तिवाचने इहाभुत्तिके धाम्मत्थाणे एत्थङ्गामे आधिव्वणिक चरणस्स आद्धक । 

    भालन्दायणसगोत्तसिम् जिवुज्जेसिम् कपिञ्जलसगोतेसिम् । रुद्दजेसि । श्राविष्ठायण सगोत्तेसि । भाट्टिदेवज्जेसि कोसिकसगोत्तेसि । दे-अजेसि । कोसिकसगोत्तेसिम् । वेण्हुज्जेसि । कोसिकसगोत्तेसि । विधिज्जेसि । पैप्पलादिसगोत्तेसि । पितुजेसि भालन्दायणसगोत्तेसि चान्दजेसि कोसिकसगोन्त्तेसि जेट्ठजेसि । पटेहि दोहि भालन्दायणसगोत्तेसि बुद्धजेसि कोसिकसगोत्तेसि । भाद्दिलज्जेसि । कोसिकसगोत्तेसि । सिवज्जेसि । कोसिकसगोत्तेसि हरिण्णजेसित्ति एताण बाम्हणाण भागा तिण्णा ३ कोसिकसगोत्तसि रेवतिजेसि । भागो १ च-उत्थोत्ति आचन्दादिच्चकालिको अपुव्वदत्तीय दत्तो । पुव्वरायाणुमते य से चातुवेज्जग्गाममज्जाता परिहारे वितराम । तम् जथा अरट्ठसम्व्विणयिक । अलवणकेण्ण क्खनक । 

    अहिरण्णधाण्णप्पणयप्पदेय । अपुप्फक्खिरग्गहण । अपरम्परगोबलिवर्द्द । अचारसिद्धिक । अचम्मङ्गालिक । अभडप्पावेस अखट्टाचोल्लकवेणेसिक । अकरद । अवह । सणिधि । सोपणिधि । सकुतुप्पन्त । समञ्चमहाकरण । साव्वजातिपरिहारपरिहितञ्च । जतो उपरिलिखित । शासणवादम्पमाणम् करेत्ता रक्खध रक्खापेध य परिहरध परिहरापेध य । जोब् उ आबाधं करेज्ज कतव्व अनुमण्णति तिस्स एतेहि । उपरिलिखितेहिम् । ब्राह्मणेहिम् । परिकुपिते सदण्डनिग्रहम् करेज्जामेति । साव्वच्छरम् ३० ७ हेमन्त पक्खम् पढमम् दिवस ४ समुपासत्थि लिखितमिमम् शासनम् सेणापतिणा वण्हुण इति ॥ सिद्धिरस्तु ॥

Translation

    Lines 1-6

    Success! Seen. From Vatsagulma:
    By the order of the Dharmamahārāja, the illustrious Vindhyāśakti II of the Vākāṭakas, who is the son of the dharmamahārāja, the illustrious Sarvasena, and grandson of the dharmamahārāja, the illustrious Pravarasena I, the Samrāṭa, and the son (i.e., descendant) of Hāritī, who was of the Vṛṣṇivṛddha gotra and who performed Agniṣṭoma, Aptoryāma, Vājapeya, Jyotiṣṭoma, Bṛhaspatisava, Sādyaskra, and four Aśvamedhas:

    The Ājñāpatis and soldiers who are employed by us in all departments, as well as other touring officials of noble birth in the village Ākāsapadda, which is situated near Tākālakkahoppaka in the northern division (mārga) of Nāndīkaḍa, should be addressed as follows:

    Lines 7-18

    “For the increase of Our life and power, for invoking blessings and peace for us, and for our well-being in this world and the next, we have now granted, in our victorious place of religious worship, this village to the following members of the Ātharvaṇika caraṇa in this village as a new gift, which is to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun will endure, in the following proportion, viz., three parts, (in figures) 3, of it to these following Brāhmaṇas: half a share being given to Jivujja (Jīvārya) of the Bhālandāyana gotra, to Ruddajja (Rudrārya) of the Kapiñjala gotra, to Bhaṭṭidevajja (Bhartṛdevārya) of the Śrāviṣṭhāyana gotra, to Deaja (Devārya) of the Kauśika gotra, to Veṇhujja (Viṣṇvārya) of the Kauśika gotra, to Vidhijja (Vidhyārya) of the Kauśika gotra, to Pituja (Pitrārya) of the Paippalādi gotra, to Cāndaja (Candrārya) of the Bhālandāyana gotra, and to Jeṭṭhaja (Jyeṣṭhārya) of the Kauśika gotra; and two shares being given to Buddhaja (Buddhārya) of the Bhālandāyana gotra, to Bhāddilajja (Bhādrilārya) of the Kauśika gotra, to Sivajja (Śivārya) of the Kauśika gotra, and to Hariṇṇaja (Hiraṇyārya) of the Kauśika gotra; and the fourth part, (in figure) 1, to Revatijja (Revatyārya) of the Kauśika gotra.

    Lines 19-24

    And We grant the following exemptions from restrictions for it, such as are incidental to a village granted to Brāhmaṇas proficient in the four Vedas, as approved by former kings, viz,: it is to be exempt from the entrance of the district police; to be exempt from the digging of salt and fermentation of liquor; it is to be exempt from the obligation to make presents of grain and gold; it does not entitle the State to the royalties on flowers and milk, nor to the customary cows and bullocks; it is not to provide pasture, hides, and charcoal; it is not to be entered by soldiers; it is not to be provided with cots, water-posts, and servants for touring royal officers; it is exempt from taxes; it is not to provide draught cattle; it carries with it the right to treasures and deposits, to major and minor taxes, and to platforms and large fields; and it is to be exempted with immunities of all kinds.

    Lines 24-30

    Wherefore, you should protect it, cause it to be protected, exempt it, and cause it to be exempted, regarding this charter as authoritative.
    Whoever will cause trouble or approve of it when caused, upon him, when complained against by the aforementioned brāhmaṇas, we will inflict punishment together with a fine.

    Lines 28-30

    In the year 30 and 7, in the first fortnight of winter, on the day 4. This order, given by Us personally, has been written by the Senāpati Viṣṇu. May there be success!”

Dynasty: Vākāṭaka
Source:
Ruler: Vindhyaśakti II
Date: c. 250 to 275 (First fortnight of Hemanta, Day 4, Regnal year 37)
Place: Washim, Maharashtra
Donee: Nine Atharvaveda Brāhmaṇas
Language: Sanskrit and Prakrit
Nature of grant: Land donation
Purpose: To record the grant of Ākāsapadda village by the king to several Atharvaveda Brāhmaṇas
Provenance of inscription: Bāsim (present Washim), Maharashtra
Type of Inscription: Copperplate grant
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